Chapter 31 The Reformation Begins Pdf Download > http://shurll.com/9lu1h

Chapter 31 The Reformation Begins Pdf Download, rl stine red rain pdf download


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Add,,,,..,,,,Download,,,,Audio,,,,as,,,,ZIP,,,,File.,,,,Luther,,,would,,,draw,,,on,,,this,,,tradition,,,when,,,he,,,called,,,the,,,pope,,,Antichrist,,,The,,,Lutheran,,,Revolt,,,Luther:,,,Humanist,,,,Prophet,,,,and,,,Conservative,,,Augustinian,,,friar,,,Martin,,,Luther,,,(1483–1546),,,embodied,,,these,,,elements,,,Came,,,from,,,newly,,,rich,,,family,,,and,,,had,,,ambitious,,,education,,,At,,,university,,,,he,,,studied,,,law,,,and,,,read,,,humanists,,,such,,,as,,,Erasmus,,,In,,,1504,,,,however,,,,he,,,left,,,legal,,,studies,,,to,,,become,,,an,,,Augustinian,,,monk,,,Later,,,he,,,described,,,spiritual,,,fear,,,and,,,guilt,,,as,,,the,,,major,,,motivator,,,for,,,that,,,decision,,,Luther,,,was,,,also,,,a,,,millenarian,,,,believing,,,he,,,lived,,,in,,,the,,,last,,,days,,,of,,,the,,,world,,,Though,,,theologically,,,radical,,,,he,,,was,,,socially,,,conservative,,,,preserving,,,the,,,social,,,order,,,Luther’s,,,Break,,,with,,,Catholicism,,,Even,,,as,,,a,,,monk,,,,Luther,,,felt,,,burdened,,,by,,,sin,,,,dissatisfied,,,with,,,works,,,as,,,a,,,means,,,to,,,salvation,,,Thus,,,he,,,increasingly,,,turned,,,to,,,the,,,Bible,,,,especially,,,passages,,,on,,,grace,,,and,,,faith,,,Concept,,,of,,,salvation,,,by,,,faith,,,alone,,,satisfied,,,Luther’s,,,spiritual,,,quest,,,No,,,amount,,,of,,,good,,,works,,,,no,,,matter,,,how,,,necessary,,,,can,,,ensure,,,salvation,,,At,,,the,,,University,,,of,,,Wittenberg,,,,he,,,began,,,to,,,share,,,his,,,views,,,and,,,preach,,,After,,,1517,,,and,,,the,,,posting,,,of,,,his,,,theses,,,,he,,,had,,,a,,,reputation,,,as,,,a,,,brilliant,,,scholar,,,and,,,also,,,(in,,,some,,,circles),,,as,,,a,,,heretic,,,Major,,,element,,,of,,,his,,,theses,,,was,,,criticism,,,of,,,papal,,,sale,,,of,,,indulgences,,,Friar,,,named,,,Tetzel,,,was,,,selling,,,them,,,near,,,Wittenberg,,,in,,,autumn,,,of,,,1517,,,Luther,,,attacks,,,his,,,exploitation,,,of,,,the,,,people,,,and,,,the,,,crudeness,,,of,,,his,,,program,,,Major,,,differences,,,between,,,Luther,,,and,,,church,,,Luther,,,required,,,no,,,works,,,for,,,salvation,,,,whereas,,,the,,,church,,,held,,,that,,,both,,,faith,,,and,,,works,,,were,,,necessary,,,Luther,,,claimed,,,no,,,difference,,,between,,,clergy,,,and,,,laity,,,and,,,maintained,,,that,,,the,,,church,,,held,,,no,,,mediating,,,power,,,for,,,the,,,individual,,,But,,,Who,,,Is,,,Saved?,,,How,,,can,,,a,,,person,,,know,,,whether,,,he,,,or,,,she,,,has,,,enough,,,faith,,,for,,,salvation?,,,Notion,,,of,,,“predestination”,,,to,,,grace,,,was,,,never,,,fully,,,expounded,,,by,,,Luther,,,French,,,theologian,,,John,,,Calvin,,,,however,,,,made,,,predestination,,,central,,,Assumption,,,of,,,predestination,,,is,,,that,,,God,,,gives,,,faith,,,to,,,certain,,,individuals,,,Every,,,person,,,is,,,predestined,,,for,,,either,,,heaven,,,or,,,hell,,,Struggle,,,of,,,knowing,,,whether,,,one,,,is,,,saved,,,continued,,,The,,,Creation,,,and,,,Spread,,,of,,,Lutheranism,,,Luther,,,didn’t,,,know,,,what,,,he,,,started,,,in,,,1517,,,,but,,,he,,,continued,,,to,,,write,,,and,,,preach,,,By,,,1525,,,,3,000,000,,,printed,,,Protestant,,,pamphlets,,,circulated,,,in,,,Germany,,,Politics,,,was,,,key,,,to,,,maintenance,,,of,,,Lutheran,,,reform,,,Luther,,,appealed,,,to,,,elector,,,Frederick,,,of,,,Saxony,,,for,,,help,,,Frederick,,,supported,,,him,,,and,,,helped,,,to,,,keep,,,him,,,safe,,,from,,,enemies,,,By,,,1520,,,,it,,,was,,,too,,,late,,,for,,,the,,,pope,,,quietly,,,to,,,suppress,,,Luther,,,Luther,,,claimed,,,the,,,pope,,,was,,,Antichrist,,,and,,,burned,,,the,,,bull,,,of,,,excommunication,,,In,,,Address,,,to,,,the,,,Christian,,,Nobility,,,of,,,the,,,German,,,Nation,,,(1520),,,he,,,called,,,for,,,princely,,,support,,,In,,,The,,,Freedom,,,of,,,the,,,Christian,,,Man,,,(1520),,,he,,,called,,,for,,,Christian,,,discipline,,,among,,,Germans,,,In,,,1521,,,,emperor,,,summoned,,,Luther,,,to,,,Worms,,,where,,,he,,,defied,,,leaders,,,instead,,,of,,,recanting,,,Shortly,,,thereafter,,,,he,,,went,,,into,,,hiding,,,Translated,,,New,,,Testament,,,into,,,German,,,to,,,make,,,it,,,available,,,to,,,literate,,,Germans,,,His,,,followers,,,were,,,eventually,,,called,,,Protestants,,,for,,,protesting,,,against,,,the,,,church,,,Religious,,,Reform,,,or,,,Social,,,Revolution?,,,Luther,,,looked,,,to,,,every,,,level,,,of,,,society,,,for,,,support,,,Same,,,issues,,,moving,,,Germans,,,appealed,,,to,,,people,,,across,,,Europe,,,By,,,1520s,,,,followers,,,or,,,readers,,,of,,,Luther,,,were,,,spread,,,far,,,and,,,wide,,,Lives,,,changed,,,with,,,the,,,new,,,direction,,,in,,,faith,,,and,,,response,,,to,,,the,,,Church,,,Luther,,,married,,,Katherina,,,van,,,Bora,,,and,,,had,,,six,,,children,,,How,,,did,,,so,,,much,,,change,,,in,,,one,,,generation?,,,Reformation,,,gave,,,nobility,,,chance,,,to,,,confiscate,,,church,,,lands,,,Also,,,gave,,,means,,,of,,,resisting,,,Catholic,,,Holy,,,Roman,,,Emperor,,,But,,,mostly,,,it,,,was,,,a,,,popular,,,evangelical,,,movement,,,Luther,,,was,,,a,,,political,,,conservative,,,who,,,didn’t,,,want,,,to,,,challenge,,,secular,,,authority,,,Yet,,,he,,,couldn’t,,,prevent,,,ideas,,,from,,,spreading,,,orally,,,to,,,poor,,,and,,,peasants,,,Millenarianism,,,and,,,poverty,,,combined,,,with,,,Lutheranism,,,to,,,inspire,,,social,,,revolution,,,Luther,,,attacked,,,the,,,rebellious,,,peasants,,,,urging,,,their,,,violent,,,suppression,,,In,,,1525,,,,revolting,,,peasants,,,had,,,been,,,put,,,down,,,by,,,the,,,sword,,,In,,,Germany,,,,religious,,,Reformation,,,did,,,not,,,mean,,,social,,,revolution,,,or,,,even,,,reform,,,The,,,Spread,,,of,,,the,,,Reformation,,,Calvin,,,and,,,Calvinism,,,Reformation’s,,,success,,,outside,,,Germany,,,derived,,,from,,,rigor,,,of,,,John,,,Calvin,,,Calvin,,,(1509–1564),,,was,,,a,,,French,,,scholar,,,and,,,theologian,,,As,,,a,,,young,,,student,,,in,,,Paris,,,,he,,,was,,,impressed,,,by,,,Luther’s,,,ideas,,,Like,,,Luther,,,,he,,,came,,,from,,,a,,,family,,,of,,,recently,,,acquired,,,substance,,,Calvin,,,was,,,trained,,,as,,,a,,,humanist,,,(languages,,,,philosophy,,,,Scripture),,,Riots,,,were,,,breaking,,,out,,,in,,,Paris,,,between,,,Catholics,,,and,,,Protestants,,,In,,,1534,,,,French,,,king,,,declared,,,Protestants,,,heretics,,,Calvin,,,was,,,now,,,preaching,,,the,,,Reformation,,,and,,,God’s,,,power,,,over,,,humanity,,,For,,,Calvin,,,,the,,,huge,,,distance,,,between,,,divine,,,and,,,human,,,was,,,mediated,,,only,,,by,,,Christ,,,Obedience,,,to,,,Christian,,,law,,,was,,,dominating,,,principle,,,for,,,Calvin,,,He,,,was,,,forced,,,to,,,leave,,,France,,,due,,,to,,,politics,,,and,,,went,,,to,,,Geneva,,,Geneva’s,,,citizens,,,were,,,revolting,,,against,,,Catholic,,,bishops;,,,he,,,was,,,urged,,,to,,,stay,,,Calvin,,,and,,,William,,,Farel,,,led,,,Protestants,,,in,,,Geneva,,,In,,,Geneva,,,,Calvin,,,established,,,an,,,unofficial,,,Calvinist,,,theocracy,,,ruled,,,by,,,older,,,,pious,,,men,,,of,,,the,,,community,,,Elders,,,of,,,the,,,Calvinist,,,church,,,strictly,,,oversaw,,,dress,,,,sexual,,,behavior,,,,business,,,Rigid,,,discipline,,,made,,,Geneva,,,prosperous,,,Institutes,,,of,,,the,,,Christian,,,Religion,,,(1536),,,became,,,leading,,,book,,,of,,,new,,,theology,,,By,,,second,,,half,,,of,,,sixteenth,,,century,,,,theology,,,of,,,predestination,,,spread,,,across,,,Europe,,,Calvinist,,,theologians,,,opposed,,,monarchy,,,and,,,lent,,,fuel,,,to,,,political,,,revolution,,,France,,,Protestantism,,,was,,,illegal,,,in,,,France,,,after,,,1534,,,,but,,,persecution,,,was,,,halfhearted,,,French,,,Calvinists,,,(Huguenots),,,became,,,organized,,,underground,,,movement,,,By,,,1559,,,,they,,,were,,,rigorously,,,challenging,,,the,,,Catholic,,,Guise,,,family,,,In,,,1562,,,,brutal,,,civil,,,war,,,erupted,,,between,,,Catholics,,,and,,,Protestants,,,In,,,1572,,,,a,,,popular,,,uprising,,,left,,,thousands,,,of,,,Protestants,,,dead,,,(St.,,,The,,Reformation:,,The,,Shattering,,of,,Christian,,Unity,,By,,early,,sixteenth,,century,,,the,,church,,was,,under,,attack,,Reformers,,criticized,,its,,desire,,for,,wealth,,and,,power,,Drew,,on,,literary,,criticism,,to,,undermine,,papal,,authority,,(Lorenzo,,Valla’s,,proof,,that,,the,,Donation,,of,,Constantine,,was,,a,,forgery),,Yet,,although,,humanists,,called,,for,,reform,,,the,,Reformation,,did,,not,,originate,,with,,humanists,,and,,went,,far,,beyond,,humanist,,ideals,,The,,Reformation,,began,,with,,monk,,Martin,,Luther,,in,,Germany,,In,,1517,,he,,proclaimed,,the,,Ninety-five,,Theses,,,short,,propositions,,that,,started,,a,,rebellion,,against,,the,,church,,Ultimate,,consequence,,was,,the,,fragmentation,,of,,Christian,,unity,,Reformation,,also,,brought,,significant,,political,,,social,,,and,,cultural,,change,,as,,well,,The,,Medieval,,Church,,in,,Crisis,,Wycliffe,,and,,Hus,,Two,,reform,,attempts,,prior,,to,,Luther:,,Waldo,,and,,Wycliffe/Hus,,Waldo,,in,,France,,emphasized,,vernacular,,Scripture,,and,,inner,,spirituality,,John,,Wycliffe,,in,,England,,and,,Jan,,Hus,,in,,Bohemia,,Both,,were,,theologians,,who,,attacked,,vital,,church,,doctrines,,and,,practices,,Both,,called,,for,,vernacular,,Scripture,,and/or,,preaching,,Wycliffites,,(Lollards),,and,,Hussites,,continued,,after,,their,,leaders’,,deaths,,Hussites,,broke,,with,,Rome,,and,,founded,,an,,independent,,Bohemian,,church,,Mysticism,,and,,Humanism,,Wycliffe’s,,and,,Hus’,,reform,,attempts,,coincided,,with,,strong,,new,,religiosity,,Late,,medieval,,mysticism,,was,,swelling,,and,,was,,distrusted,,by,,the,,church,,The,,Brethren,,of,,the,,Common,,Life,,propounded,,mystical,,devotio,,moderna,,Many,,late,,medieval,,mystics,,were,,women,,,excluded,,from,,other,,forms,,of,,religious,,participation,,More,,radical,,expression,,came,,in,,millenarianism,,,belief,,in,,1,000-year,,rule,,of,,saints,,on,,earth,,after,,the,,Last,,Judgment,,The,,End,,of,,the,,World,,New,,sense,,of,,urgency,,in,,Wycliffite/Hussite,,circles,,,fueled,,by,,economic,,grievances,,Millenarians,,drew,,on,,biblical,,prophecy,,,demanded,,justice,,for,,the,,poor,,and,,oppressed,,By,,1500,,,biblical,,concept,,of,,Antichrist,,and,,Church,,as,,Whore,,of,,Babylon,,were,,central,,to,,millenarian,,thinking.,,HelpSign,,,upHelp,,,CenterMobileStudentsTeachersAboutCompa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Try,,restarting,,your,,browser,,or,,using,,a,,different,,one.,,Cookie,,Error,,Oh,,no!,,This,,request,,didn't,,work,,because,,your,,browser,,cookies,,are,,not,,being,,saved,,properly.,,Bartholomew’s,,,,Day,,,,Massacre),,,,Catholics,,,,narrowly,,,,defeated,,,,the,,,,Protestants,,,,,but,,,,tentative,,,,peace,,,,was,,,,extended,,,,In,,,,1598,,,,,King,,,,Henry,,,,IV,,,,issued,,,,the,,,,Edict,,,,of,,,,Nantes,,,,(some,,,,toleration,,,,of,,,,Protestants),,,,In,,,,1685,,,,,the,,,,Edict,,,,was,,,,revoked,,,,and,,,,25,000,,,,Huguenots,,,,fled,,,,to,,,,other,,,,areas,,,,in,,,,Europe,,,,or,,,,the,,,,American,,,,colonies,,,,England,,,,Reformation,,,,in,,,,England,,,,took,,,,a,,,,very,,,,different,,,,course,,,,from,,,,continental,,,,Reformation,,,,In,,,,England,,,,,reform,,,,was,,,,driven,,,,by,,,,King,,,,Henry,,,,VIII,,,,(1509–1547),,,,,not,,,,clergy,,,,Sparked,,,,by,,,,papal,,,,refusal,,,,to,,,,annul,,,,Henry’s,,,,first,,,,marriage,,,,to,,,,Catherine,,,,of,,,,Aragon,,,,He,,,,decided,,,,to,,,,remove,,,,the,,,,English,,,,church,,,,from,,,,papal,,,,jurisdiction,,,,In,,,,1529,,,,,Henry,,,,convinced,,,,Parliament,,,,to,,,,accept,,,,his,,,,Reformation,,,,In,,,,1534,,,,,he,,,,was,,,,declared,,,,supreme,,,,head,,,,of,,,,the,,,,Church,,,,of,,,,England,,,,(Anglican),,,,In,,,,1536,,,,,he,,,,dissolved,,,,English,,,,monasteries,,,,,giving,,,,their,,,,properties,,,,to,,,,the,,,,nobility,,,,Henry,,,,turned,,,,the,,,,Reformation,,,,into,,,,a,,,,national,,,,movement,,,,,using,,,,Parliament/gentry,,,,After,,,,his,,,,death,,,,,some,,,,struggle,,,,,but,,,,England,,,,was,,,,Protestant,,,,again,,,,under,,,,Elizabeth,,,,Anglican,,,,Church,,,,differed,,,,only,,,,slightly,,,,from,,,,Roman,,,,Catholicism,,,,Yet,,,,relationship,,,,of,,,,Anglicanism,,,,(Puritans),,,,to,,,,Protestantism,,,,elsewhere,,,,uncertain,,,,Under,,,,Elizabeth,,,,,national,,,,identity,,,,flourished,,,,,only,,,,minor,,,,persecution,,,,of,,,,Catholics,,,,Calvinism,,,,flourished,,,,in,,,,Scotland,,,,,whereas,,,,Ireland,,,,remained,,,,Catholic,,,,Southern,,,,and,,,,Eastern,,,,Europe,,,,Reformation,,,,did,,,,not,,,,take,,,,hold,,,,in,,,,Spain,,,,and,,,,Italy,,,,(where,,,,Inquisition,,,,was,,,,strong),,,,Spanish,,,,church,,,,and,,,,state,,,,had,,,,joined,,,,religious/national,,,,interests,,,,to,,,,drive,,,,out,,,,Muslims,,,,The,,,,Reformation,,,,thus,,,,could,,,,not,,,,evade,,,,clerical,,,,authorities,,,,in,,,,southern,,,,Europe,,,,Eastern,,,,Europe,,,,showed,,,,a,,,,different,,,,pattern,,,,Reformation,,,,rushed,,,,into,,,,power,,,,vacuum,,,,of,,,,Hungary,,,,Hungarian,,,,reformers,,,,studied,,,,in,,,,Wittenberg,,,,and,,,,preached,,,,Lutheran,,,,gospel,,,,in,,,,Hungary,,,,Hungarian,,,,Protestants,,,,remained,,,,influential,,,,in,,,,the,,,,intellectual,,,,life,,,,of,,,,the,,,,country,,,,Eastern,,,,pattern,,,,followed,,,,that,,,,found,,,,in,,,,the,,,,rest,,,,of,,,,Europe,,,,Reformation,,,,began,,,,in,,,,cities,,,,where,,,,it,,,,had,,,,support,,,,from,,,,nobility,,,,But,,,,it,,,,lasted,,,,only,,,,when,,,,it,,,,took,,,,root,,,,in,,,,the,,,,general,,,,population,,,,(as,,,,in,,,,Poland),,,,The,,,,Radical,,,,Reformation,,,,Mainstream,,,,Protestantism,,,,called,,,,“magisterial”,,,,because,,,,reformers,,,,usually,,,,supported,,,,established,,,,political,,,,authorities,,,,Yet,,,,Reformation,,,,did,,,,trigger,,,,revolts,,,,among,,,,artisan,,,,and,,,,peasant,,,,classes,,,,By,,,,1520s,,,,,several,,,,radical,,,,reformers,,,,arose,,,,(often,,,,from,,,,lower,,,,classes),,,,Such,,,,reformers,,,,tried,,,,to,,,,channel,,,,popular,,,,religion,,,,into,,,,new,,,,reformed,,,,Christianity,,,,for,,,,the,,,,oppressed,,,,Some,,,,beliefs,,,,constitute,,,,what,,,,may,,,,be,,,,called,,,,the,,,,Radical,,,,Reformation,,,,They,,,,argued,,,,that,,,,ordinary,,,,people,,,,have,,,,inner,,,,light,,,,,direct,,,,communication,,,,of,,,,God,,,,to,,,,his,,,,predestined,,,,chosen,,,,ones,,,,Spiritual,,,,freedom,,,,thus,,,,paralleled,,,,demands,,,,for,,,,social/economic,,,,freedom,,,,Largest,,,,group,,,,in,,,,Radical,,,,Reformation,,,,prior,,,,to,,,,1550,,,,called,,,,“Anabaptists”,,,,On,,,,receiving,,,,the,,,,inner,,,,light,,,,,they,,,,felt,,,,born,,,,anew,,,,and,,,,sought,,,,rebaptism,,,,Implications,,,,are,,,,that,,,,infant,,,,baptism,,,,did,,,,not,,,,count,,,,Millenarian,,,,doctrines,,,,provided,,,,a,,,,sense,,,,of,,,,time,,,,and,,,,urgency,,,,of,,,,the,,,,moment,,,,In,,,,1534,,,,,radical,,,,Anabaptists,,,,captured,,,,the,,,,city,,,,of,,,,Mnster,,,,and,,,,awaited,,,,day,,,,of,,,,judgment,,,,They,,,,were,,,,defeated,,,,by,,,,a,,,,Lutheran,,,,prince’s,,,,army,,,,and,,,,were,,,,brutally,,,,suppressed,,,,By,,,,the,,,,late,,,,sixteenth,,,,century,,,,,many,,,,radical,,,,movements,,,,had,,,,grown,,,,silent,,,,Yet,,,,during,,,,the,,,,English,,,,Revolution,,,,1640–1660,,,,,beliefs,,,,and,,,,goals,,,,would,,,,reemerge,,,,Radical,,,,antihierarchical,,,,thought,,,,helped,,,,shape,,,,modern,,,,democratic,,,,thought,,,,The,,,,Catholic,,,,Response,,,,The,,,,Catholic,,,,Response,,,,Laypeople,,,,such,,,,as,,,,Ignatius,,,,Loyola,,,,(1491–1556),,,,initially,,,,shaped,,,,the,,,,Catholic,,,,response,,,,Spanish,,,,reformer,,,,Loyola,,,,created,,,,new,,,,order,,,,of,,,,the,,,,Society,,,,of,,,,Jesus,,,,(Jesuits),,,,Jesuits,,,,became,,,,the,,,,backbone,,,,of,,,,the,,,,Catholic,,,,or,,,,Counter,,,,Reformation,,,,They,,,,appealed,,,,to,,,,the,,,,papacy,,,,to,,,,lead,,,,international,,,,Christian,,,,universalism,,,,Jesuits,,,,noted,,,,that,,,,predestination,,,,inflicted,,,,despair,,,,and,,,,fear,,,,of,,,,damnation,,,,on,,,,all,,,,Thus,,,,they,,,,countered,,,,the,,,,Protestant,,,,Reformation,,,,by,,,,offering,,,,hope:,,,,religious,,,,revival,,,,based,,,,on,,,,tradition,,,,,ceremony,,,,,and,,,,forgiveness,,,,Jesuits,,,,became,,,,great,,,,teachers,,,,in,,,,Europe,,,,,but,,,,concern,,,,about,,,,their,,,,intentions,,,,continued,,,,New,,,,Catholic,,,,schools,,,,and,,,,universities,,,,appeared,,,,Also,,,,,a,,,,new,,,,form,,,,of,,,,art,,,,and,,,,architecture,,,,(baroque),,,,responded,,,,to,,,,Protestant,,,,inwardness,,,,By,,,,the,,,,1540s,,,,,the,,,,Counter,,,,Reformation,,,,was,,,,under,,,,way,,,,Some,,,,attempts,,,,to,,,,reform,,,,from,,,,within,,,,were,,,,benign,,,,,others,,,,bellicose,,,,Hostile,,,,and,,,,aggressive,,,,toward,,,,Protestants,,,,Inquisition,,,,expanded,,,,its,,,,activities,,,,,though,,,,Protestants,,,,also,,,,executed,,,,people,,,,Catholic,,,,Church,,,,also,,,,had,,,,tool,,,,of,,,,censorship,,,,,banning,,,,“dangerous”,,,,books,,,,These,,,,included,,,,not,,,,only,,,,Protestant,,,,but,,,,also,,,,reforming,,,,Catholic,,,,works,,,,Index,,,,of,,,,Prohibited,,,,Books,,,,was,,,,not,,,,abolished,,,,until,,,,1966,,,,Counter,,,,Reformation,,,,policies,,,,brought,,,,thousands,,,,of,,,,people,,,,back,,,,into,,,,the,,,,church,,,,In,,,,1545,,,,,the,,,,council,,,,of,,,,Trent,,,,met,,,,to,,,,reform,,,,the,,,,church,,,,Trent,,,,invigorated,,,,it,,,,and,,,,provided,,,,doctrinal,,,,clarity,,,,on,,,,issues,,,,of,,,,faith,,,,and,,,,works,,,,Intention,,,,of,,,,the,,,,decree,,,,was,,,,to,,,,give,,,,church,,,,a,,,,clear,,,,voice,,,,among,,,,Protestant,,,,voices,,,,All,,,,compromise,,,,with,,,,Protestantism,,,,was,,,,rejected,,,,,and,,,,the,,,,Christian,,,,split,,,,finalized,,,,The,,,,Reformation,,,,and,,,,the,,,,Modern,,,,Age,,,,The,,,,Reformation,,,,and,,,,the,,,,Modern,,,,Age,,,,Reformation,,,,shattered,,,,religious,,,,unity,,,,of,,,,Europe,,,,,cornerstone,,,,of,,,,medieval,,,,culture,,,,Western,,,,Europe,,,,today,,,,still,,,,reveals,,,,Catholic,,,,and,,,,Protestant,,,,traditions,,,,Reformation,,,,furthered,,,,the,,,,growth,,,,of,,,,the,,,,modern,,,,state,,,,by,,,,strengthening,,,,power,,,,of,,,,monarchs,,,,and,,,,magistrates,,,,at,,,,expense,,,,of,,,,religious,,,,bodies,,,,Protestantism,,,,did,,,,not,,,,create,,,,a,,,,modern,,,,secular,,,,state,,,,but,,,,freed,,,,state,,,,from,,,,subordination,,,,to,,,,religion,,,,Indirectly,,,,,it,,,,contributed,,,,to,,,,the,,,,growth,,,,of,,,,political,,,,liberty,,,,(even,,,,while,,,,Luther,,,,and,,,,Calvin,,,,approved,,,,of,,,,close,,,,regulation,,,,of,,,,citizens,,,,by,,,,secular,,,,rulers),,,,Reformation,,,,also,,,,contributed,,,,to,,,,Western,,,,individualistic,,,,ethic,,,,Protestants,,,,interpreted,,,,the,,,,Bible,,,,for,,,,themselves,,,,and,,,,sought,,,,a,,,,direct,,,,relationship,,,,with,,,,God,,,,Religious,,,,individualism,,,,was,,,,a,,,,counterpart,,,,to,,,,the,,,,intellectual,,,,individualism,,,,of,,,,Renaissance,,,,humanism,,,,Max,,,,Weber,,,,argued,,,,in,,,,1904,,,,that,,,,Protestantism,,,,fostered,,,,nascent,,,,capitalism,,,,,applying,,,,moral,,,,virtues,,,,to,,,,work,,,,Tension,,,,between,,,,Roman,,,,Church,,,,and,,,,Protestantism,,,,set,,,,the,,,,former,,,,at,,,,odds,,,,with,,,,modernity,,,,..,,,,Listen,,,to,,,MP3,,,Audio.,,,MP3,,,,Chapter,,,,Summaries.,,,,Think,,,,this,,,,is,,,,a,,,,mistake?,,,,Contact,,,,Quizlet,,,,support

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